Structural Racism and Discrimination Index

An interactive tool that reveals the impact of a long history of racist and discriminatory laws and policies on the Black community in the United States.

Jump to a state or county

National Impact of Structural Racism and Discrimination

The SRD Index gives each county a score from 0 to 100 that highlights areas most impacted by discriminatory laws. A higher score means a higher impact of discrimination.

For more details on the SRD Index, use the about, documentation, and community engagement links.

Discrimination Score
01030507090100Very LowModerateVery HighNoScore
Year
2020

Structural Racism and Discrimination Vary by Dimensions: Segregation, Housing, Income, Healthcare, and Incarceration

Historically, discrimination in housing policies kept Black families from building wealth, creating long-term disadvantages. Segregated neighborhoods still limit access to education, transportation, and healthy food. Black people are more likely to be uninsured and face poorer Healthcare Resources, while the prison population remains disproportionately Black.

Use the maps below to better understand the impact of discriminaiton across dimensions over time.

Dimension
Discrimination Score
01030507090100Very LowModerateVery HighNoScore
Year
2020

Are Black communities in rural U.S. counties more affected by structural racism and discrimination?

The answer is yes. The chart below shows that Black communities in metro areas with populations over 1 million (Metro A) have seen a decline in structural racism over time, while Black people in rural counties (populations 5,000-20,000) have faced increased discrimination. By 2020, rural counties experienced higher discrimination than 50% of U.S. counties, worsening the well-being of rural Black communities.

Targeted policies are needed, especially for rural communities of color.

Note: For easy visualization, we have renamed the urban-rural status of a county defined by the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) classification of rural-urban continuum based on the population size and adjacency to a metro area in the following way:
  • Metro A: Counties in metro areas of 1 million population or more
  • Metro B: Counties in metro areas of 250,000 to 1 million population
  • Metro C: Counties in metro areas of fewer than 250,000 population
  • Suburban A: Urban population of 20,000 or more, adjacent to a metro area
  • Suburban B: Urban population of 20,000 or more, not adjacent to a metro area
  • Suburban C: Urban population of 5,000 to 20,000, adjacent to a metro area
  • Rural A: Urban population of 5,000 to 20,000, not adjacent to a metro area
  • Rural B: Urban population of fewer than 5,000, adjacent to a metro area
  • Rural C: Urban population of fewer than 5,000, not adjacent to a metro area